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How to stay safe on lakes and rivers: A water safety and self-defense guide

From paddleboarding and kayaking to fishing in remote areas, discover the gear, training and self-defense strategies outdoor enthusiasts need to stay safe on the water

Woman Paddleboarding on the River in Summer

Most paddlers know the fundamentals: wear a life jacket, check the weather and tell someone your plans.

Photo/Getty Images

It is getting hot outside, and most of us are looking for fun and safe ways to cool off. Lakes, rivers and coastal waters offer refreshing relief from the summer heat, but as more people flock to these recreational areas, it鈥檚 crucial to remember that water safety and self-defense should never take a backseat to fun.

The tragic serves as a stark reminder that water safety now extends beyond wearing life jackets and monitoring weather conditions. In light of recent incidents and ongoing investigations like the , authorities are urging the public to exercise caution while out in remote areas. Today, outdoor enthusiasts must think about personal safety, situational awareness and even self-defense training as essential components of their time on the water.

As you paddle through secluded coves or cast your line in remote fishing spots, remember this: isolation that brings peace can also bring vulnerability. Criminals increasingly target outdoor enthusiasts in these unguarded moments, turning tranquil waterways into potential danger zones. This article covers essential water safety gear, concealed carry considerations, and self-defense strategies for kayaking, paddleboarding and boating, including training tips and the unique challenges of defending yourself in aquatic environments 鈥 all focused on how to stay safe on lakes and rivers.

|TRAINING: From supervision to CPR: 10 essential drowning prevention tips

Essential water safety gear: Paddleboarding, kayak and boating safety basics

Most paddlers know the fundamentals: wear a life jacket, check the weather and tell someone your plans. But in today鈥檚 environment, you鈥檒l need to prepare a little more with the best water safety gear for kayaking and paddleboarding.

1. High-visibility equipment

Blending in might help capture wildlife or suit tactical missions, but when it comes to water safety and deterring threats, standing out is far more effective.

  • Brightly colored kayaks or paddleboards like are a great option. BOTE is known for its extra sturdy measures and high-quality build material.
  • For low-light conditions, add or .

Light is a proven deterrent, so integrating reflective elements not only boosts paddleboarding and kayak safety but also signals to potential threats that you鈥檙e prepared and not an easy target 鈥 especially when paired with the best water safety gear for kayaking and paddleboarding.

2. Emergency communication devices

Cell service is often unreliable on open water. , I highlighted some of my favorite communication devices for camping, but aquatic fun requires a little more planning. When you鈥檙e on the water, it鈥檚 crucial to choose marine-specific emergency communication devices designed for wet environments.

  • Waterproof Personal Locator Beacons (PLBs) like the use satellites to alert rescuers.
  • Waterproof VHF radios, like the , maintain communication and provide National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) weather alerts.

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3. Situational awareness in remote areas

Criminals often exploit isolation. Stay alert by avoiding predictable routines. Change your launch points and return times. Before setting up a launch or base camp, scan the area for anything out of place. Pay attention to individuals lingering near access points and alert your group to suspicious activities.

Above all, trust your instincts. If something doesn鈥檛 feel right, it probably isn鈥檛. As first responders, you already possess the observational skills and tactical awareness to spot trouble early, so bring those instincts and training to bear 鈥 even when you鈥檙e out on the water for fun.

Concealed carry on the water: Challenges and solutions

Carrying on the water presents unique challenges. For those legally permitted, concealed carry while boating, kayaking or paddleboarding can provide an added layer of security, but the marine environment demands preparation.

1. Best dry bags for firearms

Water can quickly damage your firearm and open carry can draw unwanted attention. Invest in a submersible dry bag, backpack, sling or fanny pack for concealed carry on the water.

  • is my go-to. It is slim enough to strap on a board or raft, and very easy and comfortable to carry as a shoulder sling.
  • If you are looking for a chest rig, I love the . It fits nicely over a life jacket and it puts your tools right where you need them.

2. Legal considerations

Concealed carry laws on lakes and rivers vary by state. Even law enforcement officers should verify local boating-specific laws or consult a firearms attorney before carrying.

3. Alternatives if carrying isn鈥檛 an option

Not everyone can or wants to carry a firearm, but there are several non-lethal self-defense tools for waterways. Consider:

  • Marine-grade pepper spray with a lanyard to prevent drops. I purchased the for all my life jackets and backpacks. For more stopping power, the is fantastic.
  • are legal in most states and useful for emergencies. You don鈥檛 need an expensive knife like the . A simple, cheap knife that doesn鈥檛 slip when wet is what you should look for.

Self-defense training tips for water-based scenarios

Defending yourself in or near water is vastly different from land-based confrontations. Self-defense training for kayaking and paddleboarding should factor in balance, mobility and environmental challenges. Each time you are out on the water, practice some of the instructor-recommended training drills below:

1. Challenges of defending yourself in or near water

  • Reduced stability: Standing on a paddleboard or sitting in a kayak limits movement. Look for paddleboards and rafts with center and side fins. A displacement hull is a good choice for those looking for better maneuvering.
  • Buoyancy issues: Water resistance slows strikes and makes grappling difficult. But the last place you want to end up is in the water. Do what it takes to stay afloat.
  • Limited footing: Slippery surfaces increase fall risks. Features like are what you should look for. If you already have a paddleboard, you may want to invest in an for extra grip.
  • Cold water shock: Sudden immersion can impair motor skills and breathing, but you can practice by taking or .

2. Instructor-recommended training drills

  • Wet environment practice: Train in a pool or shallow water to simulate real conditions before going out on the lake or river.
  • Weapon retention drills: Weapon retention drills on the water are essential. Practice drawing from a dry bag, chest rig or backpack while seated in a kayak or floating on a paddleboard.
  • Escape techniques: Learn how to break free from an attacker while wearing a life jacket. I went through a water combat training course years ago and fighting in the water is nothing like fighting on the ground. Practice now so you do not become overwhelmed.

3. Paddleboard and kayak-specific scenarios

  • Using your paddle as a weapon: A strong thrust toward an opponent鈥檚 head or ribs can deter an attacker and provide quick self-defense on the water.
  • Board or kayak as a barrier: Position your board or kayak between you and a threat. Then practice drawing your firearm or pepper spray from this position.
  • Emergency dismounts: Practice quickly exiting your kayak or paddleboard if needed.

Final thoughts: Balance fun and safety

The growing risks on waterways demand a proactive mindset. By combining traditional water safety practices with modern self-defense strategies, outdoor enthusiasts can reduce vulnerabilities and better understand how to stay safe on lakes and rivers while still enjoying their time on the water.

Upgrade your gear for visibility, choose reliable emergency devices, and understand the laws before carrying firearms or other self-defense tools. Train for the unique challenges of aquatic environments 鈥 balance, mobility and cold water all change the dynamics. And most importantly: stay alert, trust your instincts and avoid isolation when possible.

Your off-duty time on lakes, rivers or coastal waters should be relaxing and refreshing. With a little preparation, you can protect yourself, enjoy the outdoors with confidence and make the most of summer adventures.

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Joshua Lee is an active-duty police sergeant for the City of Mesa (Arizona) Police Department. Before promoting, Joshua served five years as a patrol officer and six years as a detective with the Organized Crime Section investigating civil asset forfeiture, white-collar financial crime, and cryptocurrency crimes.

Joshua is a cryptocurrency, money laundering and dark web consultant for banks, financial institutions and accountants. He also serves as one of Arizona鈥檚 subject matter experts on cryptocurrency crimes and money laundering.

Joshua holds a BA in Justice Studies, an MA in Legal Studies and an MA in Professional Writing. He has earned some of law enforcement鈥檚 top certifications, including the ACFE鈥檚 Certified Fraud Examiners (CFE), ACAMS Certified Anti-Money Laundering Specialist (CAMS) and the IAFC鈥檚 Certified Cyber Crimes Investigator (CCCI).

Joshua is an adjunct professor at a large national university and a smaller regional college teaching law, criminal justice, government, technology, and English courses.

Contact Joshua Lee.